Become a Physical Therapy Aide

In this lesson, you'll continue learning about the organ systems. To start out, you'll see how human organ systems are interrelated and how a problem with one system will affect the others. You'll then move on to a discussion of the integumentary (skin), digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive systems. You'll learn about each system's organs, function, and some common disorders. You'll finish the lesson with a discussion of the most important concept in human physiology—homeostasis. Homeostasis means the drive of your body to keep many different variables, like blood pressure and temperature, within a certain range. You'll find out why this is so crucial and how you might be asked to monitor homeostasis while caring for patients.

You'll start learning about specific safety issues in this lesson, focusing on infection control. Anyone working in healthcare must understand the meaning of infection, its causes, and how it spreads. To help you understand this, this lesson discusses the chain of infection and what you can do to break that chain so that the infection doesn't spread from one person to another. You'll spend some time on an infection called MRSA because it's so common and dangerous. Since proper hand hygiene is the most effective way to stop infection from spreading, you'll go over the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guidelines. You'll also learn about patient-care equipment, environmental control, and the role of vaccinations.

You'll explore important safety issues again in this lesson, but this time, instead of infection, you'll focus on proper body mechanics and safe patient transfers. Body mechanics means the posture of your body and how you move it. You must understand proper body mechanics to protect yourself from injury. The lesson starts out with a discussion of the anatomy of the spine since the spine gets hurt most often when you ignore proper body mechanics. It talks about proper posture and the importance of paying attention to your center of gravity. It also goes over a list of principles for using proper body mechanics and guidelines for moving patients in a variety of different situations. You'll also learn about lifting machines, which PTs now commonly use to transfer patients.

Most people take walking for granted, but many patients must learn to walk again after an illness or injury. PTs often ask their aides to help with this, so you must understand what types of conditions make it hard for people to walk. You should also understand the normal gait cycle, so this lesson will spend some time on that topic and tell you about common deviations from normal gait. You'll also learn about different ambulatory devices, including parallel bars, walkers, crutches, and canes and how they're used in PT.

PTs use physical agents, rather than medications or surgery, to treat patients. These agents include heat, cold, ultrasound, traction, and electricity. To explain these agents, you'll start by learning about the relationship between a disease or injury and one's ability to perform activities of daily living. You'll then follow a fictitious Mrs. Smith as she struggles to recover from a car accident. You'll learn about the physical agents her PT chooses and how they affect her body. You'll end by learning about contraindications (when an agent should never be used) and precautions (when an agent must be used with extra care).

Along with physical agents, PTs use exercise to treat patients. In this lesson, you'll learn about three types of exercise—strength training, aerobic exercise, and range-of-motion exercise. You'll learn how muscles are put together and why resistance is necessary to build strength. This lesson will teach you about three important principles you should know when supervising a strength training program. You'll also go over aerobic exercise and learn how it increases a person's ability to use oxygen. Finally, you'll learn about range-of-motion exercises. You'll find out how PTs measure how far a patient can move a joint and why joints sometimes become limited in their motion. You'll learn about different types of range-of-motion exercises and important principles to follow.

In the final lesson, you'll explore balance, coordination, and developmental delays. This lesson focuses on children, but the information will be helpful if you're treating adults, too. You'll learn about a special sensory system called the vestibular system and how important it is for maintaining balance. You'll view examples of activities PTs use to treat children with balance problems, and learn about the adaptive response—something PTs continually look for when treating children. The lesson will move on to a discussion of developmental coordination disorder, and you'll learn how important it is for professionals to properly diagnose this condition. Moving onto the subject of developmental delays, you'll learn about developmental milestones and how PTs treat children who fail to meet those milestones. You'll also see how PTs use developmental activities with adults who have sustained traumatic brain injuries.